The Navy Brought a ‘One-of-a-Kind’ Laser Weapon Back From the Dead
The US Navy's lone 150 kilowatt laser weapon is back in action – sort of.
The US Navy spent at least six months resurrecting a high-energy laser weapon that previously graced the bow of a warship for a new military exercise last year, the service recently revealed.
The Navy’s Directed Energy Systems Integration Laboratory (DESIL) — the dedicated facility for evaluating laser weapons in a maritime environment located at Naval Base Ventura County in Point Mugu, California — “ramped up efforts to restore critical functions” to the service’s “one-of-a-kind” 150 kilowatt Solid State Laser Technology Maturation (SSL-TM) demonstrator starting in early March 2025, according to recently published ‘year in review’ bulletin from Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA).
Initiated in 2012 and officially known as the Laser Weapon System Demonstrator Mk 2 Mod 0, the SSL-TM demonstrator was originally installed aboard the San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock USS Portland in 2019. The system, described as the successor to the 30 kw AN/SEQ-3 Laser Weapon System (also known as the XN-1 LaWS) that was mounted on the Austin-class amphibious transport dock USS Ponce in 2014, was designed to “provide a new capability to the Fleet to address known capability gaps against asymmetric threats” like now-ubiquitous aerial drones and small boats laden with explosives, as well as “inform future acquisition strategies, system designs integration architectures, and fielding plans for laser weapon systems,” according to Navy budget documents.
The SSL-TM demonstrator appears to have performed as advertised. The system successfully destroyed a drone target during at-sea testing in the Gulf of Aden in May 2020 — an engagement that yielded one of the most vivid representations of a real-world laser weapon in action to date — as well as neutralized a small surface target during additional testing in December 2021.
But while prime contractor Northrop Grumman had specifically designed the SSL-TM demonstrator for installation “with minimal modification or additional costs” aboard the Navy’s Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyers, the service initiated the system’s deinstallation from the Portland in fiscal year 2023 after spending nearly $50 million on the effort, the budget documents say. The US Defense Department’s final report on the initiative has not yet been made public.
Following the deinstallation, the SSL-TM demonstrator was presumably mothballed until the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (OUSD(R&E)) requested the laser weapon “play a role” in the Pentagon’s new Crimson Dragon military exercise the following September, the NAVSEA bulletin says.
Described as a weeklong, multi-unit DESIL test event, Crimson Dragon convened 20 defense contractors “in a simulated combat environment” to test the effectiveness of their drones, counter-drone systems, and sensors “in scenarios that simulated military base defense, long-range fires and integrated [ballistic missile defense],” according to the bulletin.
The SSL-TM demonstrator successfully shot down four drone targets during the exercise, the bulletin says.
While it’s unclear which scenarios the SSL-TM demonstrator participated in during Crimson Dragon, an annual assessment of US military weapon systems from the Pentagon’s Director, Operational Test & Evaluation released on March 16 states that part of the exercise “focused on the sea point of departure defense venues against all-domain maritime air-and-sea threats,” which suggests the system may have provided air defense for a simulated port or staging area where troops and equipment embark onto ships.
But beyond these brief mentions in recent US military publications, no additional information is available regarding the current status of the SSL-TM demonstrator, its performance during Crimson Dragon, and the Navy’s future plans for the system. NAVSEA, OUSD(R&E), and the Office of Naval Research did not respond to requests for more details from Laser Wars.
Without more context, it’s difficult to infer where the return of the SSL-TM demonstrator fits into the US military’s expanding directed energy ambitions. The Pentagon has not indicated whether OUSD(R&E)’s request was driven by the urgency of real-world threats — the demonstrator was first tested in the very waters where Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen had spent more than a year targeting US warships and commercial shipping — or simply an opportunistic use of a capable system sitting in storage.
But the system’s restoration for Crimson Dragon potentially points to a broader challenge: despite years of testing and high-profile demonstrations, relatively few high-energy laser weapons are actually available for the kind of realistic, large-scale exercises needed to refine tactics and validate how these weapons are used in combat.
Indeed, it’s not like the Pentagon has bunch of spare laser weapons floating around to play with. The US Army’s four 50 kw Directed Energy Maneuver-Short Range Air Defense (DE M-SHORAD) systems have been completely demilitarized, while the service’s Army Multi-Purpose High Energy Laser (AMP-HEL) systems are preoccupied downing drones on the US-Mexico border. The Marine Corps returned its five Compact Laser Weapon System (CLaWS) to Boeing. The Navy’s AN/SEQ-4 Optical Dazzling Interdictor, Navy (ODIN) laser weapons are all installed aboard active warships at sea; meanwhile, the service’s 60 kw High Energy Laser with Integrated Optical Dazzler and Surveillance (HELIOS) system has had a challenging year on its own. As a result, it appears that previously retired prototypes that might otherwise remain museum pieces are being called back into service to keep the US military’s counter-drone experimentation moving forward.
The Pentagon may be racing to field laser weapons at scale, but for now it’s still relying on yesterday’s prototypes to figure out how they’ll actually fight tomorrow’s wars.
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Updates from around the directed energy ecosystem
AV’s newest laser weapon will soon be “forward deployed”: Virginia-based defense contractor AV unveiled a more compact version of its tried-and-true 20 kw LOCUST laser weapon, dubbed the X3, at the AUSA Global Force symposium in Alabama, with AV president for directed energy John Garrity telling Defense Daily that the company has already received production orders for the new system and expects to see the first units “forward deployed” in the coming months. “The earlier versions of LOCUST were developed and fielded, and we put them in the hands of soldiers, we got a lot of feedback from them on improvements that they’d like, different enhancements, and we took all that feedback and X3 is the result of that,” AV senior director of business development Aaron Westman told Breaking Defense.
AV’s LOCUST X3 laser weapon system. (AV) The UK Royal Navy’s Dragonfire laser weapon is still on schedule: In response to UK Member of Parliament James Cartlidge, Minister for Defence Readiness and Industry Luke Pollard stated that the Royal Navy was still on track to field its 50 kilowatt DragonFire laser weapon on a Type 45 destroyer by 2027 as planned. The system is being delivered “through a new approach to procurement aimed at accelerating delivery timescales and providing the Royal Navy with novel capability sooner,” Pollard wrote. “This approach focuses on delivering a minimum deployable capability that can be further developed and enhanced over time.”
China showcases two new laser weapons: China’s People’s Liberation Army showed off two new laser weapons, Guangjian (or “Light Arrow”) models 11E and 21A, in a March 26 report broadcast on state-run CCTV. While Guangjian-21A is a traditional high-energy laser weapon designed to burn hostile drones out of the sky, Guangjian-11E is described as a “multi-mode composite terminal jamming system” — essentially a laser dazzler designed to blind electro-optical sensors in order to neutralize incoming targets. As Laser Wars previously reported, state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) first unveiled the Guangjian family of laser systems at the Zhuhai Airshow in November 2024.
Left: the Guangjian-11E multi-mode composite terminal jamming system. Right: the Guangjian-21A high-energy laser weapon. (Xinhua)
Why not use the Israeli Laser that is (almost) operational?